Stalin Rise to Power free essay sample

How much did Stalin ascend to control in light of his cleverness character? Clarify your answer. [12m] Stalin rose in power on account of his shrewdness and manipulative character. He utilized publicity to control the pictures he made for himself and Trotsky as he needed to get greater fame and backing from the individuals since he needed to depict himself as the real replacement and annihilate Trotsky’s positive picture as Lenin’s picked replacement. Stalin was crafty enough to keep Trotsky from going to Lenin’s burial service by deceiving him to make a negative picture as he needed to crush Trotsky’s positive picture. At the point when Trotsky didn't go to the burial service, it pondered seriously him. Stalin additionally gave individuals the feeling that he was near Lenin by designating himself as the main griever at the burial service. This permitted him to ascend in power as individuals had the feeling that he was assigned to become Lenin’s replacement. We will compose a custom exposition test on Stalin Rise to Power or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Stalin additionally made collusions with different competitors, Kamenev and Zinoviev, to dispose of Trotsky. As Kamenev and Zinoviev didn't consider Stalin to be a danger, they co-worked with him. After he had managed Trotsky, Stalin turned on the other two and expelled them from their capacity. By utilizing his opponents against one another, Stalin had the option to ascend to control without stressing over dangers to his standard. Simultaneously, Stalin utilized his situation as General Secretary of the Communist Party to delegate individuals who were close or faithful to him. This empowered him to make a solid help base of supporters who might concur with him or vote as indicated by his desires. This was especially valuable when Stalin had Trotsky removed from his positions and ousted from Russia. Be that as it may, Stalin was likewise ready to rise in view of Trotsky’s shortcomings. Dissimilar to Stalin’s solid gathering bolster base, Trotsky just had the help of the Red Army. Trotsky was additionally sure that he was picked to supplant Lenin and didn't try to develop a more grounded help base like Stalin. Simultaneously, Trotsky accepted that the USSR ought to set out on a world unrest. These perspectives were not famous as the Russian individuals and the Communist Party accepted that local issues ought to be tended to first. They favored Stalin’s sees as Stalin likewise preferred taking care of the USSR’s household issues first and taking a shot at Socialism inside the nation. Because of his lack of concern, Trotsky’s shortcomings were abused by Stalin and used to give Stalin better believability as a pioneer. Taking everything into account, Stalin’s crafty character was progressively significant in helping him rise in light of the fact that Trotsky’s shortcomings were just restricted to his smugness and gathering sees. On the off chance that Stalin had not utilized his shrewdness character to control his opponents and evacuate them as dangers or develop a more grounded help base, it would have been similarly as hard for him to ascend to control. Moreover, Trotsky’s shortcomings were conditions that existed as an advantage to Stalin however it was eventually his shrewdness character that permitted him to exploit them.

Maquiladoras Essays - Economy Of Mexico, International Trade

Maquiladoras What job does maquiladora play in the improvement of a nation? Why would that be marvel seen as another stage in entrepreneur improvement? Is this a sensible guarantee? The job that the maquila plays in the advancement of a nation is an intriguing point to examine. To comprehend the job that maquiladoras play, one should initially increase a comprehension of the first reason for the maquila. At that point, by contemplating the development of the maquiladora to a major assembling base, one may have a superior comprehension of how this sort of firm may prompt the advancement of the host nation. In the principal area, I will talk about the start and improvement of the maquiladoras. In area two, I will give the assessments of certain financial experts and their experiences concerning how the maquiladora has influenced creating nations. The third segment manages free enterprise and how maquiladoras assume a job in the advancement of an entrepreneur economy. In area four, I will talk about my assessments on the contentions that I have introduced. The last segment will incorporate some closing comments. Presently, let us acclimate ourselves with the maquiladora. Maquiladora is gotten from the Spanish action word maquilar, which intends to process wheat into flour. Ranchers would factory wheat into bits and afterward give a part to the mill operator; this segment was called a maquila. As time passed, the word maquila became related with assembling, gathering and bundling forms that were completed by somebody that was not the first producer. In the present financial world, the wordmaquiladora represents an extraordinary kind of organization in Mexico (Maquila Outline 1). The part that makes the maquiladora not the same as some other fabricating plant is that they are permitted to import crude materials, gear, furthermore, parts required for get together, and send out the completed great to the United States on an obligation free premise (Maquilas 1). The primary maquiladoras were worked in 1966 in Baja California and Cuidad Juarez (United States firms set up with the backing of the Mexican government). The Border Industrialization Program made these organizations so as to channel the bottomless work source in the fringe zones of Mexico and the United States organized commerce zone (Maquila Overview 1). The unique reason for the maquiladoras was to utilize all the jobless individuals who lived on the Mexican side of the fringe and furthermore to build Mexican fares. The United States considered these to be as an opportunity to exploit the modest cost of work, the absence of Mexican work and natural standards and guidelines, and not many obligations (Maquilas 1). The United States duty plans take into account the gathering of United States-made products outside of the nation and at that point, the arrival of the last item to the United States with obligation just paid on the worth added to the great. There are two segments under the levy plans that take into consideration modern tasks under the maquiladora program: Thing # 9802.00.60 and 9802.00.80 (were 806.3 and 807.0) that expresses that the estimation of parts made in the United States are not dependent upon obligation when further handled or amassed abroad and came back to the United States. Thing # 9802.00.60 arrangements with metal handling Item#9802.00.80 manages get together (Alvarez 1). Presently, maquiladoras are not just situated on the outskirt of Mexico and the United States, yet everywhere throughout the nation. The maquiladora would now be able to sell a segment of the merchandise created in the household showcase on installment of import obligations furthermore, burdens on the imported materials (Maquila Overview 1). The maquila business would not be here today without remote speculation. Numerous remote organizations in the United States, Japan, and Canada have exploited modest Mexican work what's more, the area of the Export Processing Zones and assembled fabricating organizations in Mexico. These organizations are typically completely claimed by outside financial specialists. These organizations are presumably the best piece of Mexico's economy. The development of this industry has been consistently expanding over the a long time, creating more remote trade than oil or the travel industry (Maquila Overview 2). In general, the maquiladora business is by all accounts a decent method to increment efficiency, utilize the jobless and make motivator for remote speculation. Be that as it may, fluctuating assessments exist among market analysts and some observe the maquila industry as hazardous, and at last impeding to the general improvement of the host nation. Part 1, The Maquilas in Global Perspective expresses that the reconstruction of private enterprise denotes the following stage in the relations of prevailing powers with Third World Countries. Private enterprise is the partition of economy and state. It is the social framework where the methods

Globalisation: The Food Industry In Philippines

Globalization: The Food Industry In Philippines This investigation intends to investigate how globalization has influenced the nourishment business in the Philippines. By taking a gander at the Nestle Company, the examination paper tries to take a gander at Multinationals as operators of globalization and how they have influenced the Philippines nourishment industry. Research plan/procedure: This examination utilizes enlightening exploration technique. This kind of research approach includes information examination, and a specific arrangement of inquiries, which don't avoid certain themes. The specialist broke down the information introduced on the effects of Nestle in the nourishment business in Philippines guided by explicit structured inquiries. Discoveries: The investigation discovered that Multinationals go about as operators of globalization. By investigating the Nestlã © Company, the examination discovered that Multinationals go about as operators of globalization influencing the nourishment business both adversely and emphatically. Constraints: The exploration utilizes essential and optional information thus it is hard to see if the information is valid or one-sided. Suggestions: In request to arrive at a summed up resolution, more examination should be directed in this unexplored territory of study. Worth: Considering the ascent of Multinationals, the paper will help governments to have the option to execute legitimate strategies while managing Multinationals in their country states. Catchphrases:- MNC (Multinational Corporations), globalization, socialization, colonization, underdeveloped nations. Chapter by chapter guide Chapter by chapter guide 3 Presentation, Aims and Objectives, Research Questions and Hypothesis 4 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Overall Aims and Objectives of the exploration 9 1.3 Hypotheses: 10 Section 2: Literature Review 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.1.1 Theory 11 Part 3: Methodology 21 3.1 Introduction 21 3.1 Research Design 22 Part 4: Data introduction, Evidence, Analysis and conversation 26 4.1 Introduction 26 4.2 Data investigation 26 4.2.1 T-Test Analysis 27 Part 5: Conclusion 33 5.5 Conclusion 33 5.4 Limitations of the investigation 35 5.6 Recommendations 35 Time Scale and plan 36 Survey 38 Rundown of References 42 Section One Presentation, Aims and Objectives, Research Questions and Hypothesis 1.1 Introduction This exploration paper is intended to evaluate the impacts of globalization on the nourishment business in the Philippines. It is propelled by the debates that have surfaced on the job of these Multinational Corporations (MNCs) as specialists of globalization in the Philippines. Globalization has brought about a ton of positive and negative effects particularly in the underdeveloped nations (Robertson, 1992). In the segment of farming, crops that have been imported can be purchased at less expensive cost than local items. Countries states like the Philippines, which rely upon farming as their fundamental fare and import have endured a great deal because of globalization. The Philippine agrarian segment just records for 14.8% of the (GDP) (Frost, 2003). For example, crops that are imported could be purchased at an a lot less expensive cost than esteem. This is on the grounds that globalization has made the unhindered commerce region as expressed by the World Trade Organizations. Thus, country states with higher efficiency in agribusiness could dump their produce to their partners in the underdeveloped country state. This implies the underdeveloped country states will be given unsatisfactory produce (Frost, 2003). By definition, globalization infers the development of data and individuals across outskirts of any country state. Subsequently, this exchange has command over the country states political, natural and social undertakings (Dasgupta, 2004). Financially, globalization has had the option to help country states to develop through the presentation of different Multinational Corporations like the Nestle. Subsequently, these remote direct speculations acquire a great deal of outside trade the host country state. This outside trade originates from the sell of Philippines rural produce and items in the universal market. This is a constructive outcome in the economy of the country state. Nonetheless, in numerous Asian country states like the Philippines, greater part of the populace are tormented with destitution. This implies these individuals are additionally ready to work and acquire the lower compensation that the MNCs (Multinational Corporations) would give them. Because of globalization, numerous worldwide organizations have set up their branches in these country states. MNCs (Multinational Corporations) like Nestles have figured out how to set up their assembling offices in these country states to profit by the modest work (Jensen, 2008). This has influenced the nourishment business in the Philippines the same number of neighborhood nourishment ventures can get to modest work for their enterprises. The new ventures help the poor country states to understand their emergency of joblessness consequently decreasing destitution in the country state. What's more, this may help in expanding the expectation for everyday comforts of the individuals and expanding the co mmitment that the lower class in the general public makes in their GDP (Frost, 2003). This guarantees the nearby ranchers are enabled from their agrarian items consequently creating nourishment ventures in the Philippines. Besides, lower class is associated to have the option to devour the items created by these worldwide organizations. This makes neighborhood advertise for the items from the nourishment ventures in this way producing salary (Robertson, 1992). Therefore, Nestle has gotten noteworthy in building a Food industry in the Philippines. From a negative point of view, globalization has brought about Multinational Companies like the Nestle that will in general adventure their laborers. This is particularly in the poor country states like the Philippines. This is for the most part on the grounds that such country states need legitimate strategies and guidelines to guarantee that the MNCs demonstration in like manner (Jensen, 2008). This influences the nearby nourishment industry in light of the fact that the household nourishment enterprises can't augment on the Philippine market like their universal partners. Most Multi nationals target lessening their consumption costs while staying serious to the residential market. Moreover, the majority of these MNCs wreck nature in the host nations due to absence of appropriate ecological arrangements (Athukoralge, 2007). For example, in the monetary year 1980, a US substance business Union Carbide in India persevered through poor workplace. The synthetic concoctions at long last brought about blasts that murdered a lot of individuals (Athukoralge, 2007). These organizations try to catch as well as to control the assets of the host country state. This influences the nourishment business on the grounds that the decimation of nature prompts the demolition of nourishment crops and the measure of precipitation that may come in the Philippines. Thusly, this decreases the harvest yields of that year. With this foundation, note that this examination will utilize Nestle, to portray the effect of globalization in the nourishment business in Philippines. The exploration will investigate both the hurtful and positive attributes of globalization by investigating Nestlã ©s undertakings in the Philippines (Nestle Philippines, 2011). By and by, the Nestle is known as a built up association all inclusive. The organization has different nourishment and drinks among its rundown of items. Past cases will be utilized to delineate the effect that globalization has in the Philippines nourishment industry. Foundation The economy of Philippines vigorously relies upon horticulture for endurance. The nation of Philippines has a significant level of instruction and proficiency rate. The economy of the Philippines is generally solid with moderate investment funds rates. It has been positioned as the 46th country state all inclusive monetary astute. Also, the country state has a fare situated agrarian division (Nestle Philippines, 2011). Therefore, this has brought about the age of adequate outside trade for the economy. In spite of the way that it was wealthy in normal assets, the economy of Philippines is agrarian and produces staple nourishment to help the economy. Be that as it may, the nation had begun developing financially with the passage of significant companies like Nestle. The Philippians mechanical part was expanding at an exceptionally quick pace. Thus, the country state was named as one of the countries with the most extreme pay profit in the Southeastern piece of Asia (Divina Roldan, 201 0). Numerous adjustments in the Philippines have been achieved as a result of globalization. Besides, globalization through MNCs has brought immense infiltration of advancements and huge entrance. This has influenced the nourishment business as more ranchers can wander in the nourishment business profiting more items to the customers. The Nestle Company started from a straightforward thought into a monster worldwide partnership. In 1866, a drug specialist named Henri defined a nourishment equation for babies who couldn't have the option to endure bosom milk. Subsequently, the items turned out to be effective to the point that the whole Europe requested for the item (Nestle Philippines, 2011). As a result of the prevalence, extraordinary organizations wanted to converge with it. Somewhere in the range of 1866 and 1947, the organization had changed its name severally to suit the mergers. For example, in 1905, an organization named Farine Lactee Henri Nestle and Anglo-Swiss dense milk Co converged with Nestle to make Nestle Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co. These solidifications grant an organization to enhance the productivity of creation through scale economies. Also, these mergers bring about the shutting down of firms that are less productive. This is typically observed as a quick route for organizations to develop their item offering and thus gain piece of the pie. Besides, a few organizations take part in mergers and acquisitions to square different organizations from turning out to be more prominent players in the market. The greater part of the nourishment makers enter the outside business sectors through remote direct speculations like in the Philippines. The Nestle Com

Technology - 550 Words

Technology (Essay Sample) Content: Technology Name: Institution: Technology Technology is the collection of innovative techniques, skills, and tools that are applied in our daily lives to facilitate the accomplishment of certain objectives. It is a wonderful and yet a contradictive phenomenon as it brings us various benefits but also comes with numerous challenges. However; despite the challenges, technology is a vital aspect in improving lives hence the global community should embrace it. This essay aims to enlighten the reader about the challenges and importance of technology and why it is important for us to utilize technology. Numerous challenges continue to taint the benefits of technology and make it appear as a destructive factor. For example, the invention of locomotive machines has facilitated human mobility. However, the invention of these machines has also brought about many challenges that continue to affect millions of lives in adverse ways. Despite reducing the durations that humans used to travel from one place to another, they have also reduced and twisted lives due to numerous accidents that occur all over the world. Secondly, many people argue that some technological innovations aim to replace them with machines and render them unemployed. For many years, human labor has been vital in the production of goods and services hence there were millions of employment opportunities for the people. However, things have drastically changed over the years as more investors prefer the use of machines over human labor. As more machines are installed in the companies, more employees are ejected from their work positions to pave the way for technology. These two are just examples of the few disadvantages of technology that continue to spark various reactions concerning the matter. However, they are not enough reasons for us to abandon what have been developed over the years due to failures in regulations. Technology has improved and made our lives convenient in various aspects ranging from mobility, communication, and in healthcare services. Currently, we do not have to be close to our close friends and relatives to be able to make a conversation. The existence of various communication apps such as Facebook, Whatsapp, and Skype has streamlined effective communication regardless of the geographical locations of the communicators. Through video calls on Skype, people can interact well as they see each other's facial gestures hence making the communication process more enjoyable. Also, people can maintain healthy relationships despite the geographical distances between them. Technology has also improved the education sector as students and tutors can access adequate information from the web thus enhancing their knowledge i...

Effects of Strip Mining on the Appalachian Environment Essay

Coal mining, in particular, strip mining has become the latest casualty of the growing green movement in the United States. What is strip mining? Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online defines strip mining as the removal of vegetation, soil, and rock above a layer of coal, followed by the removal of the coal itself (â€Å"strip†). Most Americans don’t realize the impact this material of biological origin that can be used as a source of energy (â€Å"fossil†), or fossil fuel, has on their everyday lives or the nation’s economy. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the mining industry directly employs some fifty thousand Americans with nearly half that number working in the more specific field of strip mining, or mountain top removal†¦show more content†¦Deforestation’s accompaniment is erosion. Since much of strip mined land lacks proper restoration, weather causes further loss of soil and vital nutrients needed for nativ e vegetation to grow. â€Å"Mountain Top Mining and Valley Fills Report† published by the EPA cites KA Harper and others educated and conducting studies in the fields of biology, environmental studies, and renewable sources. According to Harper, the change in mineral content of land affected by surface mining prohibits growth of indigenous plant life and allows foreign plant life to invade, changing the areas ecosystem (Harper). Water contamination is the next major concern of environmental groups. The Environmental Protection Agency, the governmental regulatory agency created in 1970 to manage the enforcement of environmental policy, states its concerns in a letter to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 2009 (United). Specifically addressing mines in West Virginia and Kentucky, the EPA expressed serious concerns over water pollution from strip mining (â€Å"EPA†). The rupture of an ash dike at the Tennessee Valley Authority’s Kingston Fossil Plant in Roan e County, TN on December 22, 2008 granted credibility to the EPA’s concerns. In an article published by in Environmental Health Perspectives, Rhitu Chatterjee comments on the poisonous substances contained in ash produced from processing coal, listingShow MoreRelatedEnergy Vs. Beauty in Coal Mining Essay1533 Words   |  7 Pages(Holzman). Mountain top removal is the process of blasting the top of a mountain away to retrieve coal from inside the mountain. The effects of mountain top removal may not be visible at first sight, although they are clearly taking effect with no hesitation. Although mountain top removal does give a percentage of our country its energy, it also maltreats the environment, wildlife, human health (Community Impacts of Mountain Top Removal). The innovation of electricity and energy helped spark the needRead MoreESPM 50AC Final Paper1366 Words   |  6 Pages000-square-mile region that follows the spine of the Appalachian Mountains stretching from southern New York to northern Mississippi. It is home to more than 25 million people. Appalachia Mountains are rich in natural resources, containing an abundant number of coal, timber, oil, gas, and water (Daugneaux 1981). These natural resources have historically influenced the economic characteristics of the region. The regions economy has been highly dependent on mining, forestry, agriculture, chemical industriesRead MoreThe Appalachian Mountains : A Vast Cultural And Geographical Region3478 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction Appalachia is a vast cultural and geographical region â€Å"that follows the spine of the Appalachian Mountains from southern New York to northern Mississippi. It includes all of West Virginia and parts of 12 other states: Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia.†4 The distinctive Appalachian culture is a result of the blend of unique backgrounds -Native American (primarily Cherokee), CelticRead MoreEssay on Mountaintop Mining and Environmental and Energy Policy1872 Words   |  8 Pages Mountaintop mining has been practiced in the United States since the 1960s, primarily in the Appalachian Mountains. The process involves removing all tress from the site, then the topsoil, and then using explosives to remove the remaining soil and rock to reveal coal. The coal is removed and processed, and then the mountaintop is â€Å"reclaimed† with soil or an appropriate substitute, and sometimes replanted.6 While mountaintop mining in the Appalachians is only a small percentage of coal producedRead MoreMountaintop Mining : The Natural Beauty And Biodiversity Of The Appalachian Environment2940 Words   |  12 Pagescheap energy, mining companies have turned to a practice called mountaintop removal mining, or simply mountaintop mining. Mountaintop mining is a form of surface mining that involves removing the tops and sides of a summit in order to more quickly and efficiently remove underlying coal deposits. Although this kind of mining is cheaper than traditional subsurfac e methods, its social and environmental costs are steep, making it a major source of contention in both the Central Appalachian region and AmericaRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Looks At The Coal History Of Her Hometown West Virginia Essay1815 Words   |  8 Pagescountry even thought they live in an area that is environmentally diverse and full of natural resources such as coal, timber and agriculture. The author of the book looks at the coal history of her hometown West Virginia and examines the impact of mining and mountain top removal has had on the region. Appalachia’s poverty rate is twice as high as any other region in United States. The regions are primarily country and the people are largely white with majority of the locals having roots that haveRead MoreThe Mountains Of Central Appalachia1996 Words   |  8 Pagesmight be in jeopardy of losing. Surface mining began to replace traditional underground mining around WWII (Bozzi 116). Rather than digging into the mountain to extract the coal, strip mining involves removing the overlying soil and rock that covers the coal deposits (Lutz 1). It seemed appealing at first because the previous known dangers of black-lung disease and cave-ins were now limited with the surface mining method (Bozzi 116). However, surface mining came with it’s own problems, a lot of themRead MoreThe Copper Basin1616 Words   |  7 Pagesthat is climatically unique with a rich history rooted in copper mining. It is thought that man is responsible for the total destruction of the environment over this large area, but it is mostly contributed to the exclusive location. The Copper Basin was susceptible to negative environmental effects due to its topographical, geological, climatic, edaphic, and meteorological location. However, the copper mining had a transformative effect on the surrounding land s that of which are still recovering. TheRead MoreAgriculture and Wiley Essay2357 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ Week 4 worksheet ENV/100 August 16, 2013 Tiffany Alvarez Week 4 worksheet How do minerals affect society? Minerals can affect society in many ways for example; Surface mining destroys vegetation across large areas, increasing erosion. Open-pit mining uses huge quantities of water. Acid mine drainage is pollution caused when dissolved toxic materials wash from mines into nearby lakes and streams. Minerals is approximately 80 percent of mined ore consists of impurities that becomeRead MoreFive Historical Events Influenced by the Depletion of Resources3742 Words   |  15 Pagesthey might have used natural pieces of flotsam like feathers, shells and pumice.Because plastics are created from chemicals that are volatile in different environments, they will break down over long periods of time in the oceans through photo degradation, or exposure to the sun. Studies have found the spread of plastic pieces in our environment has intruded into our oceans at an alarmingly rate. The latest study estimates the amount of particles of microplastic(pieces of plastic smaller than 5

Rhetorical Analysis Of Frederick Douglass Speech - 838 Words

Frederick Douglass was a freed slave in the 1800’s who was famous for his ability to read and write, uncommon of a black man at the time. On July 4th, 1852, he gave a speech to citizens of the United States. In this speech, he called out the â€Å"hypocrisy of the nation†(Douglass), questioning the nations treatment of slaves on a supposed day of independence. Frederick Douglass effectively uses rhetorical strategies to construct his argument and expose the hypocrisy of the nation. One of the rhetorical strategies that Douglass uses extremely effectively is the use of rhetorical questions. He has many of them scattered throughout the speech and they’re meant to make the audience question the nation and their own ways. He begins by asking â€Å"Why†¦show more content†¦This is hypocritical in that the white men make these values and traditions a staple of their lives, yet when it comes to slaves, they seem to go away. He also believes that, though he wil l use â€Å"the severest language†(Douglass) he can, he firmly believes that â€Å"not one word shall escape me that any man whose†¦ not blinded by prejudice, or†¦ a slave-holder, shall not confess to be right and just†(Douglass). So he sincerely believes that the average human being also knows that the treatment of slaves is unjust and unethical, but they choose not to act on these thoughts. His view, coming from the eyes and thoughts of slaves across America, show how hypocritical the nation actually is in both one sided values and not acting upon their knowledge that what is going on is wrong. Frederick Douglass also uses the point that slaves are human, and are treated as such except in the ways of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. He knows that â€Å"nobody doubts it. The slaveholders themselves acknowledge it in the enactment of laws for their government†(Douglass). He says that there are laws forbidding things such as reading and writi ng to slaves, yet there is nothing of the sort that in reference to animals or other things one can one. In fact, the slaves are proven human just because nature itself treats them as such. Douglass states, â€Å"When theShow MoreRelatedThe Life Of Frederick Douglass Context1479 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Behind Frederick Douglass context, Douglass was a former slave who became one of the most successful abolitionist of the 19th century. With his oratorical appeals, in 1852, Douglass delivered a speech that changed the views of millions over the Fourth of July. By using the experience Douglas has encountered as a slave, the historical context to support his argument and certain rhetorical devices, Douglass remarks a speech in order for the citizens of Rochester to be aware of the hypocrisyRead MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglass Context1480 Words   |  6 PagesBehind Frederick Douglass context, Douglass was a former slave who became one of the most successful abolitionist of 19th century. With his oratorical and literacy appeals, in 1852, Douglass delivered a speech that changed the views of millions over the Fourth of July. By using the experience Douglas has encountered as a slave, the historical context to support his argument and certain rhetorical devices, Douglass remarks a speech in order for the leading citizens of Rochester to be aware of theRead MoreSlaves Narratives: Frederick Douglass, Olaudah Equiano Essay1477 Words   |  6 PagesSojourner Truth, Frederick Douglass, and Olaudah Equiano all have extremely interesting slave narratives. During their lives, they faced plenty of racist discrimination and troubling moments. They were all forced into slavery at an awfully young age and they all had to fight for their freedom. In 1797, Truth was born into slavery in New York with the name of Isabella Van Wagener. She was a slave for most of her life and eventually got emancipated. Truth was an immense women’s suffrage activist. SheRead MoreSummary Of The World We Live 1594 Words   |  7 Pagesthe simple history of our country and how slavery played a huge role in our countries making. In week two of our class my classmate Katherine Alvarez spoke about Fredrick Douglass and how he expressed how sad that a country once enslaved by another c ould be hypocritical and tolerate slavery of its people. This shows that Douglass knew that othering is not something that can be dismissed easily nor without heartfelt emotions. Our nation was enslaved by others, in turn to enslave a portion of its ownRead MoreEssay on Rhetorical Analysis of Artifact: The Ballot or the Bullet2568 Words   |  11 PagesRhetorical Analysis of Artifact: The Ballot or the Bullet Speech Given by Malcolm X I. Introduction: Though almost half a century has passed, the Civil Rights Movement remains one freshly imprinted in not only the history books of US schools but also in the minds of countless Americans. Albeit, American society has come quite a ways in the acceptance of the individual - regardless of sex, age, creed or ethnicity - prejudices of different sorts are still to be foundRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Huckleberry Finn 1970 Words   |  8 Pagesoffers a plethora of this device such as the symbolism of the Mississippi River and the raft as Huck and Jim’s safe haven, the diverse forms of colloquial speech of the characters they encounter, and the extensive figurative language. Requiring students to examine these devices can develop their literary skills, including interpretation and analysis. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is not merely a brilliantly written novel, but it is a land mine for academic and literary growth among students. Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslamentable. Taken together, the key themes and processes that have been selected as the focus for each of the eight essays provide a way to conceptualize the twentieth century as a coherent unit for teaching, as well as for written narrative and analysis. Though they do not exhaust the crucial strands of historical development that tie the century together—one could add, for example, nationalism and decolonization—they cover in depth the defining phenomena of that epoch, which, as the essays demonstrate

Leadership Development for Interprofessional Education

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Development for Interprofessional Education. Answer: Introduction: Interprofessional practice is a collaborative clinical approach in which multiple healthcare providers from different professional background work as a team together with patients and their families as well as significant others and communities purposely to provide the highest quality of health care. This healthcare provision approach involves all the professional carders.They help in making the collaborative team making decisions on health and social issues affecting their clients and providing healthcare services to the clients based on their scope of practice and areas of specialization while ensuring that they meet common health goals for the patient, family or community (World Health Organization, 2010). Thus, the interprofessional group handling a client has a shared responsibility, and for this reason, they must demonstrate a certain level of knowledge, professional skills, values and attitudes that are essential in specific contexts of care. Some of the important attributes r equired such that collaborative practice is a success include respect for each other amongst the team members and trust. The team members should turn to each other for answers besides supporting each other whenever there are shortcomings as well as celebrating together upon achieving a certain level of success (Stein-Parbury, 2014). Interprofessional practice is such a significant undertaking in ensuring the provision of patient-centered quality care and health outcomes (Institute of Medicine (U.S.), 2015). Firstly, comprehensive quality care is realized when multiple caregivers from the different professional background are involved. Thus, there is increased access to care and other resources which are key in improving clinical outcomes of not only chronic diseases but also acute ones (Thistlethwaite, 2012). The professionals share expertise and challenges which culminate in patient safety. The approach also reduces tension and conflict among caregivers as they work towards meeting certain goals. According to World Health Organization (2010), it also results in better utilization of clinical resources. As stipulated by Stein-Parbury, (2014), the strategic approach also ensures that recruitment of care providers is easier while reducing turnover rates Discuss the roles and responsibilities of selected healthcare team members Besides co-competencies such as maintenance of a collaborative environment with mutual respects and trust, appropriate professional interpersonal skills and attitudes, each professional in a collaborative healthcare team has their distinct roles and responsibilities. The nurse in a team works as the coordinator of all members whose work is to coordinate integrated services by all team members through proper management of information that can be used to make clinical decisions (Forman, Jones, Thistlethwaite, 2014). Nursing roles also include promotion of health, prevention of illness, rehabilitation and provision of palliative care. They are also supposed to ensure that there is enough provision of health education to patients, families, and communities. They are also charged with the responsibility of providing patient-centered care by collaborating with others as well as facilitating comprehensive care. This can be possible through timely communication to all team members, patients and their families on the planned care, delivery and evaluation of the outcome. Nurses also have a responsibility of acting as patient advocates by ensuring confidentiality and referring them to resources and facilities that can guarantee continuity of care. On the other hand, the physicians primary role is to act as a clinical leader of the collaborative team. The physician makes definitive preventive and curative clinical decisions upon synthesizing and interpreting data obtained from the team and patient. They admit patients, provide them with care and monitor their progress in collaboration with other team members. Paramedics are also important members of collaborative practice even though they are not involved in the provision of palliative care. They provide emergency care to patients especially outside the healthcare institutions by making unsupervised critical decisions before transporting and handing them over to other team members for continued care (Goodman Clemow, 2012). They are responsible for the provision of referral and care options as well as initial primary care by performing roles related to those of nurses. Evidently, the roles of each member in a team are related and meant to support and supplement each other. Discuss the use of inter-professional communication in health care Effective and adequate interprofessional communication is fundamental in the provision of quality healthcare services to clients. It ensures there is proper coordination between all members of the collaborative team (World Health Organization, 2010). As stipulated by Institute of Medicine (U.S.) (2015), ineffective communication is a significant contributor to a number of preventable medical errors. The communication is built on mutual trust and respect, and for it to be effective, it must be communicated clearly, politely and in a timely manner. Sufficient information should be provided to appropriate health care providers concerning the patient as well as respond to other healthcare providers. As pointed out by Goodman and Clemow (2012), interprofessional communication takes verbal and non-verbal as well as formal and non-formal communication through the use of tools such as clinical progress reports, handoffs, documentation charts, nursing cardex, assessment reports and treatment sheets among others. Documented information meant for other team members should use standardized terminologies and acronyms to prevent misinterpretations and errors. Verbal communication must also demonstrate the use of appropriate and professional language use to other healthcare providers, patients, families, and communities. References Forman, D., Jones, M., Thistlethwaite, J. (2014).Leadership development for interprofessional education and collaborative practice. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Goodman, B., Clemow, R. (2012).Nursing and Collaborative Practice. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. Institute of Medicine (U.S.). (2015).Measuring the impact of interprofessional education on collaborative practice and patient outcomes. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. Stein-Parbury, J. (2014). Patient and person: Interpersonal skills in nursing (5th ed.). Sydney: Elsevier Thistlethwaite, J. (2012).Values-based interprofessional collaborative practice: Working together in health care. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. World Health Organisation. (2010). Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education andCollaborative Practice. Geneva: World Health Organisation (Available from https://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2010/WHO_HRH_HPN_10.3_eng.pdf

Prima facie Duties and Rosss Theory of Right Conduct free essay sample

â€Å"There are other beings in this world whose condition we can make better in respect of virtue, or of intelligence or of pleasure† (Ross). W. D. Ross was a philosopher who developed the Theory of Right Conduct. The seven prima facie duties are central in Ross’s Theory of Right Conduct. The purpose of these duties is to determine what people ought to do in questionable moral situations. â€Å"A prima facie duty is a duty that is binding (obligatory) other things equal, that is, unless it is overridden or trumped by another duty or duties† (Garrett). The purpose of this paper is to explain the prima facie duties and Ross’s Theory of Right Conduct. To further demonstrate the theory it will be applied to a morally controversial case. In order to understand the concept of prima facie duties one must understand each of the seven duties. The first duty is Fidelity, this is the obligation to keep one’s promises and not participate in dishonesty. We will write a custom essay sample on Prima facie Duties and Rosss Theory of Right Conduct or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The second is Reparation, which is the duty to make up for any injuries one has caused others. The next duty is Gratitude, this states that one must show gratitude towards others for their help and if possible return the favor. The fourth duty is Harm Prevention that is the duty to prevent harm to others resulting from causes other than oneself. Next is Beneficence this is the duty to do good to others in order to promote their overall wellbeing. The sixth prima facie duty is Self-Improvement that is literally the duty to act in a way that improves one’s self and promotes one’s own wellbeing. Lastly, Justice is the duty that requires one to act in a way that promotes justice in a just manor. While all of these duties appear to be self explanatory and straightforward it can be difficult to determine when one ought to or ought not to perform an action. Ross’s Theory of Right Conduct helps to clarify when two prima facie duties conflict. Ross’s Theory of Right Conduct is a theory that demonstrates the burden to perform or not perform an action based upon the seven prima facie duties. His theory is broken down into actions that are obligatory, wrong or optional. The theory states that it is obligatory to perform an action (A) to uphold one prima facie duty over another, if (and because) action (A) satisfies the most stringent of the conflicting prima facie duty. To better illustrate this take the case of Mike. Mike promises his friend Sally he will give her a ride to work and is therefore obligated to uphold the prima facie duty of fidelity. However, when Mike is driving to pick her up he sees a car crash on the side of the road. If he does not stop to help the victim of the car crash the victim will die. Now Mike has two conflicting prima facie duties, he has the duty of fidelity toward Sally and the duty of beneficence to the stranger. Ross’s Theory of Right Conduct would favor that he uphold the duty of beneficence because it is a more stringent duty. The second part of Ross’s theory states that it is wrong to perform action (A) if and because it would mean not upholding the more stringent of the conflicting prima facie duties. In the case of the car crash this would mean that it would be wrong for Mike to leave the accident to uphold his duty of fidelity because it is not the more stringent of the two prima facie duties. Lastly, an action is optional if and because one of the two following scenarios are present: If one has no prima facie duties in the situation, or if there are conflicting prima facie duties and one or more favors each action. The main problem with Ross’s Theory of Right Conduct is how does one judge one prima facie duty to be more stringent than another. In the case of conflicting prima facie duties one must rely on moral judgment. This means following one’s own intuition that has been shaped by experiences and obtained knowledge over a period of time. There is no formula or strict principle that can be applied in moral judgment one must rely on their own intuition. In the case of the car accident one can use their own moral judgment to determine that upholding beneficence and saving a life is more important than the duty of fidelity and making sure Sally gets to work on time. In some cases it is not as simple to determine the more stringent prima facie duty. To illustrate the complexity of conflicting prima facie duties we will observe the case of George. George is a recent graduate with a Ph. D. in chemistry who is struggling to find a job. His wife is forced to get a job in order to support their family. As a result of an absent mother and the financial stress on the family the children have been experiencing damaging psychological effects. George is offered a job at a laboratory that researches biological and chemical warfare. He is against accepting the job because he believes that the use of biological and chemical warfare is wrong. However, even if he refuses the job the lab will continue to research biological and chemical warfare. Furthermore, if George does not fill the position it will go to a more experience candidate that will speed up the research process. While George is against the research of biological and chemical warfare, his wife is not morally opposed to the idea of George taking the job. This case has many conflicting prima facie duties in which moral judgment must be applied to determine weather George should accept the job or not. There are several conflicting prima facie duties that apply to this case. The first is the duty of harm-prevention. As previously mentioned this states that one must prevent harm to others from causes other than him/herself. In this case this duty applies to both the prevention of harm to George’s family and the harm as a result of his research on biological and chemical warfare. The next duty is beneficence that is concerned with the promotion of the wellbeing of others that includes his family and the potential victims of his research. Lastly, is the duty of self-improvement, and George’s obligation to improve his own wellbeing. To find a resolution to this case I have evaluated each of the prima facie duties and their conflicts. The duty of harm-prevention is best satisfied if George accepts the job. By not taking the job he is not upholding his duty of harm prevention toward his family because they will continue to suffer. On the other hand by refusing the job he is technically upholding the duty of harm prevention toward the potential victims of his chemical and biological warfare research; however, the position will be filled by a more qualified chemist that would cause more harm than if George were to accept the job. The next prima facie duty is beneficence. If George were to accept the job he would be promoting the wellbeing (health, security, and happiness) of his family; however, much like the duty of harm prevention he would not be promoting the wellbeing of the potential victims of his research. The wellbeing of his family can be promoted if he accepts the job because he will be providing them with financial security that will contribute to their health (psychological and physical), and in turn their overall happiness. Also by accepting the position he can slow the progress of research and lessen the potential effects the research can have on the victims. Lastly, the duty of self-improvement can be satisfied if he accepts the job because he will be promoting his security (financially) and health (psychological and physical) because he will alleviate the stress of unemployment and the effects on himself and his family. After a close examination and factoring the various effects of George’s decision he has a moral obligation to accept the job because it is in the best interest of himself, his family and the potential victims of the research. He will promote the wellbeing of him and his family, as well as lessen the unavoidable negative effects on the victims of the biological and chemical warfare.

Protection Of The Uncrc Children And Young People Essay Essay Example

Protection Of The Uncrc Children And Young People Essay Essay Example Protection Of The Uncrc Children And Young People Essay Essay Protection Of The Uncrc Children And Young People Essay Essay In every portion of the universe, kids are peculiarly vulnerable existences therefore they should be in contained of every rights that recognize their demand for protection and harboured off from any knowing and unwilled injury. Littlechild ( 2000 ) construe child protection as kids necessitating proper protection from their provinces and agents, because they are non up to power in protecting themselves. It is cardinal kids should be nurtured in a safe and healthy environment, profiting them in all countries of development and future advancement. Siraj-Blatchford and Woodhead ( 2009 ) shared, a kid s advancement and success in life depends chiefly on the earliest experiences of a kid s acquisition. It is the duty and responsibility of attention of the stakeholders to safeguard kids by making a positive and antiphonal environment for them. ODonnell and Seymour ( 2004 ) analysed issues of kids s disadvantages in unfavorable state of affairss are due to economic factors, poorness, societal values, norms and traditions. These hardships put kids at interest of instruction disadvantages and damage in facets of physical, rational and social-emotional development. These accordingly escalate later in life to unemployment, force, offenses, hapless lodging, hapless wellness and unwellness hence shortening lives and hapless rearing accomplishments to supply for the younger 1s. Davis ( 2011 ) identified these conditions persist from childhood to maturity and transmit across one coevals to another. He added that intercession services are needed for these people so as they can break supply and fit themselves with common necessities and interrupt the rhythm of poorness. Laming ( 2009 ) acknowledged the same to protect kids at hazard and actions to be taken at soonest. It is necessary for stakeholders with authorization to disrupt the concatenation of negative effects by puting early and intensively in kids s rights and well-being. Sketching UNCRC, Britto ( 2012 ) noted it has incorporated 54 articles, categorized into three focal points: cardinal rules, human-centered rights, and agencies of supervising the convention. Lundy, McEvoy and Byrne ( 2011 ) suggested countries in human-centered rights which kids should be entitled on are instruction, drama, privateness, wellness and health care every bit good as equal criterion of life and protection from harmful influences. UNCRC establishes on three chief Fieldss of kids s rights: protection, proviso and engagement ( Leer, 2009 ) . In Winter ( 2011 ) , Alderson ( 2008 ) exemplified an penetration to each field. He addresses on protection ( in signifiers of maltreatment, injury, development, disregard and force ) , proviso ( of services, support, counsel and information ) and engagement ( whereby kids being to the full involved in household, cultural and societal life ) . UNCRC aims to assist kids in meeting necessity basic demands and spread outing chances that re aches out in developing kids s full potency. In making so, UNCRC brings a community together in making a protective environment for their kids. Saffigna et Al ( 2011 ) noted elaborateness in specifying every kid s experience of community as all of them differ. Bronfenbrenner s ( 1979 ) ecological systems theory identifies a kid is influenced indirectly and straight by five crossing systems. These environmental factors can be people, vicinity, place, traditions, schools, civilizations, Torahs, services, policies, ministries and relationships. Woodhead ( 2006 ) detailed with microsystems being closest to child, mundane scenes normally home and school, and relationships with people in at that place. Mesosystems are interrelatednesss between microsystems, exosystems refer to strong influences moving indirectly on the kid such as local authorities, public assistance services and constabularies, and last but non least, macrosystems acknowledge the interceding influence of dominant beliefs and values around kids ( Woodhead, 2006 ) . Pulling from at that place, the UNCRC is logically to be field in the outermost bed of the ecologic al system theory as Vaghri et Al ( 2011 ) defined, articles 42-45 of the Convention accedes in helping province parties to better comprehend, administer and supervise the execution of UNCRC in their several states. UNCRC influences the composing of society s image on kids, early childhood and the patterns. They increase awareness all over the universe to supply a just level playing field for protecting kids from disadvantages ( Siraj-Blatchford, 2009 ) . Article 4 of the Convention on the Rights of Child ( UNCRC, 1989 ) adjure authoritiess in set abouting all appropriate legislative, administrative, and other steps to guarantee kids achieves equality, receives protection and the rights to survival and development in all countries. The convention requires authoritiess set abouting all steps to greatest extent refering to their available resources following with UNCRC. For case plighting kids s rights to the fullest potency of mental and physical wellness ( Fortin, 1999 ) . Harmonizing to Welbourne ( 2002 ) by Shier ( 2001 ) , it is compulsory that all authorization and organisations signer to the UNCRC ought to be committed in doing them portion of their Torahs and to guarantee that their patt erns should be all clip consistent and conforming with the criterions set on protecting the rights and intended benefit of kids. Mekonen ( 2010 ) derived province parties attempts in run intoing the convention s duties to kids reflect kids s significance on their policy dockets hence is making a child-friendliness province. This indicates UNCRC s power to drive on province parties on to take on different positions and positions in doing differences to better quality public assistance for best involvement of kids. That being said, there remain concerns of to what extent does UNCRC protect kids and doing differences in their lives. Across to the Committee on Rights of the Child ( 1989 ) , articles covering specifically on the protection of kids comprises of extended countries. The focal point countries decided upon on are: child labor and instruction. The programme portions how UNCRC was good to the kids who fall through the clefts in Paraguay. Article 32 of the CRC commits province parties in protecting kids from economic development and labor that is prone to risky or intervention to kids s instruction and overall development. Childs who are actuated to labors are derived of chances, development and childhood ( Dukess, 2006 ) . Poverty is a possible cause that drives kids to labor ( UNICEF,2012 ) . To interrupt the rhythm, it is to guarantee kids acquire entree to go to school and have a quality instruction. In Paraguay, UNICEF ( 2007 ) analysed that in 2001, there were 1 in every 5 kids who were economically active, some beginning at an early age and those working daily shown poorer academic consequences. Searching for efforts to eliminate child labor in these communities, the authorities initiated Abrazo Programme in 2005 based on the methodological analysis developed by UNICEF ( UNICEF, 2010 ) . ESC ( 2010 ) briefed Abrazo Programme as a cover that provides attention and attending, such as healthcare entree, instruction support and other benefits for kids and their households. It is inclusive of fiscal support via conditional hard currency transportations. This policy instrument renders hard currency transportations straight to families, nevertheless as programme s demand, parents are expected to direct their kids to school in return ( Fors, 2012 ) . Bing portion of the Abrazo Programme, Cabrera ( 2010 ) noted that presences of community Centres in the vicinities are safe oasiss for kids. Supplying them with instruction supports, resort areas, tiffin and societal aids. Children have entree to instruction and are provided with one healthy repast per twenty-four hours. The Social Welfare Institute contributes nutrient supplies, profiting kids with necessary nutrition yet besides making occupations for female parents fixing repasts. Children from other schools are welcomed to the Centre after their categories, therefore instances of kids confronting maltreatment and development on the streets becomes less likely. Though instruction is an important factor in footings of enriching kids s life-long accomplishments to future battle ( Mekonen, 2010 ) , qualities of instruction Centres are critical tools to kids s acquisition, incorporating: instructors, lessons, resources and stuffs. Rivkin, Hanushek and Kain ( 2005 ) highlighted that instructors effectivity determines school s quality. To engage and retain instructors, the Houston Independent School District ( 2008 ) established the Abrazo New Teacher Induction Program supplying grade-level preparations and mentoring for get downing instructors with the veterans. Expanding the construct, they work together towards a new strategy compromising of professional development preparations for all instructors. Though workshop chances and community support groups for upgrading, fiting instructors with better cognition and patterns in schoolrooms. The plan ensures instructors acquisition and instruction in changeless improvement in order to supply fruitf ully for kids. Teachers are necessities for schools operation, therefore the importance on their quality. Dale ( 2004 ) analysed to get phenomenal transmutation experiences ; these results have to travel through applaudable interagency packages with appraisal and proficient professionals. Paraguay raises profiles of kids s rights significantly with support and counsel of UNCRC. As poorness is a major challenge to child exposure, the Abrazo plan was formed intended to cut down poorness in the long tally to better lives of kids. Although it benefitted Paraguayans, there is deficiency of accurate statistics that track advancement on kid labor. Explained by Joleby and Konstadinidis ( 2008 ) the trouble faced while collating findings was some kids were neer registered in Paraguay s records, whereas UNICEF merely provided general expression with no specific informations. To measure phenomenon of UNCRC, Mekonen ( 2010 ) discerned it is measured by the province parties attempt of inputs that they channelled for the benefit of kids and results they achieve. It is more helpful if stakeholders within provinces are in concurrence with the UNCRC and drama by the Torahs and policies in achieving kid s wellbeing. Noted by Axford ( 2008 ) , anything that contributes to the development and nutriment of kid s well-being and growing plays a function: these involve the whole Bronfenbrenner s Ecological System. Despite committedness of multisectoral schemes and programs of actions, attacks to protect and up convey a kid is to wide extent depending on the health professionals in the microsystem as they have closest interaction with the kid. The health professionals behavior, imparted cognition, traditions and civilizations affect their patterns with kids. Hence, ODonnell and Seymour ( 2004 ) determined that it is significant for frontline staffs to be equipped wi th the accomplishments in acknowledging and cognizing how to react to kids in demand. The UNCRC Acts of the Apostless as a push factor for people to hold more consciousness on the importance of early childhood and encourages stakeholders to put in early childhood sector. As discussed before, puting in early childhood interruptions poorness in distant hereafter. Children are more competent of success in life through good wellness and nutrition, and quality instruction programmes with appropriate stimulation and interaction with others ( The World Bank, 2011 ) . The UNCRC advocates encouragement and support for states to put in the hereafter work force booming the lives of kids coevals after coevals as a society.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Leadership - Essay Example The supervisor’s action is a manifestation that he has the attributes of a good leader, including the ability â€Å"to be firm and just in maintaining necessary order. Without a certain toughness in this regard you will not win the respect of the group as a whole† (Xenophon, Athenian Soldier and Author, 431 – 350 BC). Further, the supervisor’s focus on the task at hand and directing the rest of his team to the completion of it, shows that he is competent, mindful and forward-looking, knowing that there are grave consequences on the team should the task be left undone. Had the supervisor been an incompetent leader, he would have let Dan Porter go about the workplace and share to each and everyone there his news about winning the lottery. It is a natural reaction of ordinary people to want to hear about the news firsthand and to share in the excitement. Consequently, the rest of the team would have seen the supervisor in a different light – one that puts priority to other things not necessarily helpful to the achievement of the company’s goals. The rest of the team would have begun questioning the supervisor’s competence, priorities, and focus. This eventually would have led to the loss of confidence and respect on the supervisor by the team members, which would lead to inefficiency and mediocre performance by the whole team. In conclusion, effective leadership takes not only knowledge and competence, but also courage to give importance above all else to the greater good. As Xenophon said, â€Å"There is a small risk a leader will be regarded with contempt by those he leads if, whatever he may have to preach, he shows himself best able to

Criminal Law. Analyse the circumstances where liability for omissions Essay

Criminal Law. Analyse the circumstances where liability for omissions may arise - Essay Example However, there are special cases where the law specifies that a person act in order to save a situation failure of which results in criminal liability. Proponents of this type of legislations argue that the law should not bind people to help others since such a situation restricts people’s independence. Example: Tom was driving to town on a rainy afternoon, after driving for more than thirty minutes his car began heating up and huge white smoke began billowing from the bonnet of his car. Luckily, for him, the car had broken down some few meters to a bridge. He therefore alighted from his car and took a five litre water bottle which he had never travelled without from the trunk of his car and followed a small footpath that lead to the stream to fetch some water which could help cool his engine. He got to the stream, filled his container with the cold water, and began the short walk to where he had parked his car. However, a few meters from the riverbank, Tom heard hysterical sc reams emanating from the river, he turned and drowning in the river was a little boy probably seven years old. He immediately dived into the river without considering his actions, unfortunately, Tom had never swam before in a flowing water and it is only until he got into the water that he realized that he had made a mistake. He managed to grab the boy but the strength from the water current the weight of the boy overpowered him and before long, they were both drowning. It thus became a survival of the fittest situation; the boy was still alive and therefore held on to Tom tightly without letting go. Tom was fast losing breadth and he therefore needed to act swiftly to save his life or else they would both drown. In a sharp turn, he pushed the boy away from and fortunately managed to hold onto a root a few meters off the riverbank. The push from Tom combined with the strength of the water waves to give the boy a powerful thrust into a rock. The boy knocked his head and bled to death instantly. Just then, a group of young divers who had been tracing the boy from upstream arrived and one of the saw Tom push the boy away from him. They later removed the body from the water but a legal tussle was just to begin. Analysis The liability of omission begins when one decides to help in a desperate situation and later acts carelessly thereby causing a loss. In such a situation, the victim takes responsibility for his careless action. The law had not compelled Tom to try and save the boy, he could have simply looked at the young boy drown and continued with his business. In such a situation, he is acquitted from any liability since the law does not impose acts of humanity on the population. Had he left, Tom could have continued with his journey to the town and could not have answered to either the group of divers or the police. Additionally, should he have made a formal police report, he could have only been considered as responsible citizen and might therefore have appea red in the court only as a witness and helped the police with investigations to the best of his account of the event. The law does not command compulsory aid unless in special situations. By jumping into the water in an attempt to save the boy, Tom takes full responsibility of the boy and his subsequent acts of carelessness eventually result in the death of the boy. Immediately he jumps into the water, Tom

Economic Urban Renewal Essay Example for Free

Economic Urban Renewal Essay During Urban renewal, what is in the best interest of the city is sometimes not in the best interest of many people in the City. And what is in the interest of the People is often not in the best interest of the City. Cities, or their disparate parts at varying rates, are always in one natural state of evolution or another: decline or renewal. Community organizations and individuals who have no expertise or experience in modern urban design and renewal have no place influencing the renewal agenda from an official capacity any more than a lawyer should be telling a doctor how to do neurosurgery on a sick patient. Urban Renewal and Design is a challenging and daunting endeavor even for the experts. Modern Renewal does not appease or allow a sense of entitlement by amateurs to meddle in the process from appointed political positions. Community groups with a sophisticated culture of urban economics and design should be invited into the process. A good example of this type of community group is the Design Advocacy Group in Philadelphia. Urban renewal is not a social welfare program. Social programs are already abundantly in existence for the needy in every City. Urban Renewal programs are special events. Urban Renewal programs co-opted by social activists will fail. Social programs masquerading as Renewal will eventually be exposed for what they are, with negative ramifications to follow, possibly inhibiting consideration of another renewal try any time in the foreseeable future. The same goes for political and institutional pork barrel projects masquerading as Renewal or Economic Recovery projects. Usually, the make up of the renewal board itself is a strong predictor of its direction, whether its makeup is weighted in favor of social community activists, politicians or known political cronies, representatives of major city institutions by proxy, or outside experts with no current or previous political or business ties to the region, no local constituency to appease, and with no continuing participation after achieving benchmarks. Even a so-called balanced board, that is, one that gives a seat to a representative of each of the citys major constituent groups, such as the major ethnic, political, business, religious, housing, social categories etc. may be cause for suspicion. These type of boards are mainly constituted to see that each gets its share of the pie, proclaiming unity while each pursues their own vision, going in separate directions while protecting their turf. A balanced board tends to neutralize, diminish and dilute the effectiveness of good plans in the compromising process of wheeling and dealing between groups. A balanced board that provides seats of influence to entitled non-experts is bound to fail. Body Urban renewal programs are historically almost orgiastic opportunities of cronyism and pork barrel corruption. Citizens, the Law and the Press must apply the highest scrutiny. Urban renewal is not a social experiment but a pro-business, free market enabler that attracts new businesses and residents, facilitated by physical redesign. Incentives intended to attract business into a renewal zone that contain local hiring requirements will find limited appeal, since the overwhelming majority of businesses want to be free to hire People based on their qualifications rather than their address. Urbanists recognize that individual economic and residential decisions are based on self-interest, and that successful renewal depends on the cumulative effect of thousands of individual decisions. Cities where community activists have a reputation for strong-arming new businesses will have a difficult time of renewal. The existing state of the City asks at any given moment, Why would anyone choose to live or operate a business here when they have the option to choose another locale? The City may ask the question, but only outside stakeholders can answer it. Urbanists need to identify outside stakeholders and get an accurate picture of what it will take for them to move into the City. Renewal planners must constantly adjust their plans to appease stakeholders outside the City as information suggests. Urban renewal is the removing of blight and creating high density, safe attractive walkable new neighborhoods and shopping districts through policy and design. It is for the immediate benefit of middle and upper class business owners and individuals who will settle and create a sufficient tax base to provide services in the future for all residents. These are shoppers, business owners and residents who do not yet have any presence in the City. In other words, present City residents and businesses must bite the bullet and make sacrifices for current outsiders to accrue future benefits. Every move in this direction speeds up the renewal process. The immediate target constituency for urban renewal programs lay outside the City, not in it. Todays residents will receive future benefits through others that cannot come to fruition any other way. Territorial attitudes and a sense of entitlement that attempt to keep outsiders at bay and keep benefits in will generate no benefits and further isolate Inner City poor from mainstream opportunities. Urban renewal efforts influenced by social service and affordable housing providers will come to resemble a social service program and be a complete turn-off to the regions middle and upper class. Renewal leaders who as politicians had a history of applying short term patches to long term problems, or who have a prior or newly established business relationship with large institutional beneficiaries of renewal funds, will find it hard to build trust with skeptical stakeholders, especially prominent business People with honed analytical skills. The history, business and political ties of Renewal leaders will play a large role as to informing stakeholders’ decisions. Without attracting a viable upper class from the region urban renewal is dead. Often used specious arguments by community activists such as we stayed and stood by the City during its hard times, now we deserve something†¦ is a thinly disguised parasitic, something for nothing attitude. People do not hesitate to move to a better neighborhood when they can. Renewal leaders who succumb to this victimology do the City and its good people a disservice while repelling desirable potential inhabitants. While large historical forces have shaped the American ghetto, this is the context in which some must deal with their problems, not an excuse for failure or benefits beyond the social sector. Life can be hard and harder for some, but Urban Renewal funds are not to be used as welfare funds or for public housing. That is what the local housing and welfare boards, with their separate and historical funding sources are for. Church and state are separate, the effects are happy, and they do not at all interfere with each other: but where they have been confounded together, no tongue nor pen can fully describe the mischiefs that have ensued (McAteer, 1975). No matter how many People attend church or work hard in some cites, it is a lack of architectural cohesion, wasted space in the form of parking lots and vacant lots, vandalism and other property crimes, burglary and thefts, the preponderance of illegal drug markets, violence, blight, rampant anti-social behaviors, tacky shoddy retail shops, gangs, unruly teenagers, school violence, illegitimacy and lack of a skilled and employable populace that creates the profile of a worst case inner City needing attention. These problems in turn lead to a lack of economic and social capital. Churches are valuable institutions in their historical role as spiritual guides, facilitators of personal transformation and, in urban areas, the delivery of social services. Serious Urbanists must ferret out the challenges of a city, divide them between the predictable and fixable (design) and the theoretical (social) and work on them separately, considering the two processes operate on wholly different timelines and practices. Social challenges, whose solutions are purely theoretical with no predictable outcome based on past history, are on a timeline of 20 years ( one generation) to infinity, ( or never, since poverty and its associated pathologies have been in existence on this planet since the beginning of mankind, despite the best intentions of policy makers throughout history. Urbanists should work on what is known and doable within the allotted time, and not engage in risky experimentation that may ruin a window of opportunity, leaving the larger social problems, those beyond which soundly designed built environments can positively effectuate to social theorists. Urban design and physical development is a proven methodology of urban change within a specified period. Desirable outside stakeholders are, almost by definition not in need of church social services. Therefore, churches should be considered in the social and theoretical People side of the renewal equation. Urbanists must be careful to avoid The Seattle Process, that is, the civic inclination to seek so much public input and consider so many sides of an argument that nothing actually gets done. A good Urbanist begins an operation with the same singular confidence of a surgeon opening a patient’s chest. Like a good doctor, a good Urbanist persuades a patient as to what is necessary for health, does not let the patient write his own prescriptions, and gains the patients trust and cooperation for the patients own good. Church organizations often become a default local government in dysfunctional cities, securing government and philanthropic contracts and fees to provide social services. Rather than being content with the compensation and intrinsic rewards for doing good works, when renewal funds become available, churches often subsume renewal efforts into their mission, demanding a cut of the economic pie, a seat at the political table, and influence to engineer social outcomes through shaky experimental theories. Too often opportunistic ministers, both storefront and traditional, subordinate their historical role to become real estate developers in the profitable non-profit housing industry. Successful at supplanting market oriented Licensed Planners in master-planning neighborhoods, whole areas are taken off the market and are assigned for low-income housing development and rehabilitation to benefit owners and tenants who cannot afford or dont maintain their properties. This does not correct the underlying problem, the inability of poor residents to maintain their properties, and resets to the beginning the deterioration cycle, which leads inevitably to another tax payer bailout. Churches also attempt to insert themselves as the moral arbiters of what the City should be, conflicting with equally legitimate visions of other stakeholders. Urbanist should not mediate the competing visions of others, but should know what the course of action is and concentrate on their own vision. Urbanist must take command of the situation. Only church organizations that understand the economics and design necessary to attract outsiders into the City should be part of the renewal team. No more than one, if any, church seat on the board should be allowed, which represents the aggregate voice of the City religious institutions, and only those institutions that understand outside stakeholder interests. This is a concept familiar to all People of faith and can contribute to renewal success. The board presence and influence of City churches without any renewal expertise beyond low-income housing services should be as limited as their experience. Urban renewal is difficult enough without allowing fake experts on board. A healthy adversarial relationship between social activists and Urbanists should be acknowledged. The basis for this differentiation is the recognition that the City also consists of buildings, streets, infrastructure, related public services and utilities such as street and sewer service, architecture, physical neighborhood design cohesion and allure, special districts, location and transportation assets, zoning laws, tax assessment considerations, finance, business attraction strategies, public relations, marketing activities and more that are far and away outside the purview and expertise of social scientists subsidized housing activists and theorists. The best organizational chart would group these varied disciplines into appropriate categories receiving specialized representation into People (Social) and City (Renewal). Let the chips fall where they may. Ubiquitous poverty is repellent to members of the Middle and Upper Class. To find themselves surrounded by poverty and blight is their worst nightmare. Urbanists must avoid including any plans or designs that provide or support poverty programs. This should be left to the social activists. Urbanists should not over-reach and attempt to do more than they are qualified for or have the resources to do, especially when duplicating existing organizations servicing that need. Urbanists should refrain from incorporating fuzzy social goals or any other programs that rely on rosy predictions that are hard to objectively justify. Whenever possible, Urbanists should present appropriately analogous models to support their position. Unlike Social Theory, which has applied uncountable programs, ideas and billions of dollars to distressed urban cores, the great majority of which have failed, it has been proven that graphic urban design codes serve as predictable guides for change. Intrusive blight and poverty, and its associated social pathologies are the overwhelming reason Isolated City renewal efforts fail. Isolated City in this context can be defined as a City that has no existing viable and attractive residential, commercial or arts areas to build out from. Isolated Cities are the least likely to have a successful renewal and must pull out all the stops in areas of design and incentives to attract outside stakeholders (Lees, 1985). Regional poor move to areas that have a culture of the poor, where they feel less stigmatized and self-conscious, and can find and bond comfortably with others in familiar situations. The abundance of support services for the poor further encourages settlement. Above all, poor people gravitate to areas where they can afford to live, bringing with them all the psychological and social pathologies of such a tough and sad existence. Concentrations of poverty also are, to a great degree, the end result of old racist traditions, expressed in public policies and business practices decades earlier. Zoning laws, and the open discriminatory practice of suburban real estate agents refusing to sell to minorities, post WWII through the 1970s, established the present ethnic and socio-economic configuration of urban areas and suburbs. This law contains loopholes for developers and communities with an anti low income housing bias. In light of history and current practices, a solid argument can be made for compensation to certain classes and groups who have inherited the terrible ramifications of this process. However, Renewal Funds and plans are an inappropriate source. No Urban Renewal effort has ever received enough funding to do as much as is needed, and cannot take on the added burden of compensating for societys misdeeds. Failed urban renewal cycles are more the rule than the exception, and the heavy and counter-productive hand of poverty services has played a major part in their failures. In some cities however, with every cycle they have become more expert in inserting themselves into the mix. With such limited vision partners unschooled in economics as gate-keepers, it is no wonder that the full complexity, serendipity and dynamics of market forces, investors, individual visions, entrepreneurial endeavors and regional participation rarely gets a shot at involvement before the renewal steam runs out. Social activists truly committed to helping the urban poor should consider helping them relocate out of distressed cities and into settings more conducive to pursuing life, liberty and happiness. Where life is risky, and crime reduces liberty, pursuit of happiness is severely hampered. It is time to form a moral argument free of bile and acrimony and take it to the outlying regions that owe their lifestyles to regional social problem repositories in urban areas. If troubled cities are to make a comeback, the outward migration of urban poor must begin, coinciding with an inflow of self-reliant urban pioneers. Nothing less than a 1960s style movement in scope and argument will do. Considering the historic resistance to minorities and the poor in the suburbs, the argument should be taken to suburban churches first. Presented with a compelling and irrefutable moral argument, these churches must accept it or reveal a moral, ethical and religious hypocrisy. Here, urban community development activists and church organizations have an important role. In a best case scenario, the suburban churches will spearhead the drive for the end of segregation and integration into their neighborhoods (Davis, 2000). Urbanites in communities with strong values should not fear their values will be overpowered by the pathologies of poverty, but instead will be a powerful influence for good to all who are exposed to them. Any City with a publicly assisted populace of more than 20% must create programs to promote an outflow to the suburbs to have any chance of renewal. Cities can begin by freezing growth of the poverty service industry. Inner City residents who move to stable communities can immediately enjoy the benefits of mainstream American life and its opportunities for building social capital, instead of waiting and taking the risk that renewal benefits, years off into the future, may not materialize at all. Minorities can be assured that modern day discrimination is relatively weak, and is based more on behavior than race. No City can accomplish operational self-sufficiency with a subsidized population exceeding 20%. Courts and legislative bodies recognize the deleterious and burdensome effects of a low income housing market above 20%, by capping obligations at this point. The questionable history of subsidized housings premier programs and experienced practitioners should be enough to scare off Urbanists from getting caught up in it. HUD program known as Section 108 which allows block-grant communities to raise money for loans by floating HUD-backed notes, has a staggering 59 percent default rate. Although government programs are expected to make riskier bets than private banks (whose loan-default rates are typically in the low single digits), the stratospheric failure rate of HUD loans amounts to a squandering of millions of taxpayer dollars, since taxpayers are on the hook for these loan guarantees. It is a rare suburb that has a subsidized housing population approaching anywhere near 20%. The higher a Citys low income housing stock, the less the area appeals to potential newcomers who do not depend on public assistance. Helping as many poor to move out of the City and into better neighborhoods is an important social mission that should endure through all times. It is a mission separate from Urban renewal and should not be commingled.

Therapeutic Placebo Effect:A Mind/Body Connection :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Therapeutic Placebo Effect:A Mind/Body Connection Imagine you go to your doctor for chronic back pain and she tells you that she's going to give you a drug, yet she's not sure of its effectiveness because only approximately 40% of her patients have found it to be beneficial. How sure will you be that the outcome of this treatment will be positive? However, what if your doctor tells you she is giving you the newest, most beneficial drug treatment on the market and that she is very sure of how helpful it will be? Imagine the difference just a simple positive statement from your doctor will make when you take the pill every day. Not only will you be trusting of your treatment, but that trust will lead you to be confident (Endnote 1) that you will feel better - and in most cases, you will. This is an example of the placebo effect - a self-made natural healing response of the body. No matter the fact that in both instances your doctor is giving you the same medication, her belief and yours in the treatment will most likely result in more positive effects. Many people argue that alternative methods of healing (such as hypnosis, therapeutic touch, homeopathic remedies, etc) are basically a placebo effect taking place. Yet, doesn't this fact prove the power of our minds both in health and in issues of pain management? Most modern scientists tend to separate the mind from the body, at least implicitly, suggesting the "mind" is simply a construct with little meaning. The one-cause, one- cure philosophy of science today often disregards the role of the mind in health and healing. Yet many of us even daily acknowledge the power of the mind when we say "oh, you're not sick- it's all in your mind". The placebo effect is not totally understood, yet this fact should not lead anyon e to believe that its effects should be discounted. The placebo effect has been documented to be very powerful. A placebo is a medicine or other kind of treatment that seems therapeutic, but in reality is inert and pharmacological inactive (2). The placebo effect is "a change in a patient's illness attributable to the symbolic import of a treatment rather than a specific pharmacologic or physiologic property" (3). Note that a placebo is not even necessary to result in a placebo effect.

The Representation of Tricksters in the Works of Charles W. Chesnutt

Fraud, con-man, and hustler are all modern day terms to describe the age old character in African American literature known as the trickster. Today’s working definition of a trickster is one who swindles or plays tricks; often a mischievous figure in myth or folklore, who typically makes up for physical weakness through cunning and subversive humor. In African American literature the role of the trickster is a reoccurring theme, especially in the time period spanning from post Civil War to the Harlem Renaissance.During slavery and the years that followed the image of a trickster changed from a humorous amoral figure to a cunning and socially conscious icon. Charles W. Chesnutt is a primary example of an author, who faithful employs the trickster motif in many of his published works. Traditionally, the role of trickster often presents itself when there is a powerless group who longs to transcend an oppressive social order (Jefferies, Schramm 20). In African American literature, the trickster is often depicted as someone who has the ability to manipulate situations in his/her favor, despite having little or no power.Rhonda B. Jefferies states that â€Å"the primary goal of the trickster in is social nonconformity by redefining the norms of life and existence in mainstream American society (Jefferies, Schramm 20). † Since its origin in West African culture, the trickster figure has evolved from a folklore icon, mainly in the form or various animals, to an archetype whose behavior is both contradictory and complex. The tricksters reoccurring appearance in African American folklore, narratives, poems, novels and pop culture is no coincidence.It is the trickster’s pursuit of wisdom, cunning or power in an attempt to redefine social order that makes him/her such an attractive icon. The trickster character serves as an inspirational figure for the socially oppressed and has takes on many forms when expressed in past and present literature. Many Afr ican American folk tales, especially those from southern United States, include the appearance of a trickster. In â€Å"Brer Rabbit Tricks Brer Fox Again,† the trickster takes on a classic form of a clever but lazy rabbit.In this tale the rabbit becomes stuck in a well and finagle his way out by convincing the suspicious fox to help him escape. He manipulates the fox to get into the well under false pretenses. By convincing Brer Fox that there is an abundance of fish he needs help catching and transporting out of the well, Brer rabbit was able to leverage an escape, consequentially leaving the fox in his place. It is the rabbit’s quick wit that makes him a quintessential trickster figure in many folk tales across a number of cultures. However, Brer Rabbit is just one of many depictions of a trickster rabbit in folk tales and stories throughout history.A more modern depiction of a rabbit trickster is Looney tunes’ Bugs bunny. The ways in which Bugs utilizes his p hysical endurance and mastery of disguise to deceive his arch enemy Elmer Fudd is a playful interpretation when compared to those in African American literature and folklore. The integration of the trickster in modern culture, whether it be in the form of animal or man, is just one demonstration of the many ways in which this popular character transcends time and culture, to eventually become one of the most reoccurring archetypes in African American literature.Charles W. Chesnutt’s relationship with the trickster archetype is most evident in his collection of short stories with the characterization of Uncle Julius. Uncle Julius appeared in seven of the thirteen short stories that make up Chesnutt’s The Conjured Women. In the collection of stories, Uncle Julius often â€Å"conjures† up his tales from old folklore, in an attempted to persuade or manipulate certain situations to his benefit.The description of Uncle Julius interaction with the John and Annie, the n orthern white couple interested in buying the grape vineyard Julius inhabits, in the â€Å"The Goophered Grapevine,† is a classic example of Chesnutt’s employment of the trickster motif. From Uncle Julius first impression, the audience is under the impression that Julius presence is to provide theatric and entertainment rather than fact or insight. His â€Å"performance† begins with the eating of the scuppernong grapes and ends with his fantastical account on the vineyard came to be bewitched.John, the white northern gentlemen interested in buying the vineyard, is instantly skeptical upon meeting Uncle Julius disregard Uncle Julius account by stating â€Å"At first the current of his memory –or imagination- seemed somewhat sluggish; but as his embarrassment wore off, his language flowed more freely, and the story acquired more perspective and coherence (Chesnutt 607). † The use of the word â€Å"imagination† is a clear indicator that Uncle J ulius is believed to be telling fiction. John goes on to further prove his disbelief when he goes against Uncle Julius’ suggestion and buys the vineyard, and later makes a considerable profit off.John however does take sympathy for the man who had lived and profited off the land and hired him as a coachman. While Uncle Julius is one of Chesnutt’s more memorable characters, he is by no means the only representation of the trickster motif in Chesnutt’s works. Grandison, from â€Å"The Passing of Grandison† is another example of a trickster character from Chesnutt’s collection entitled The Wife of his Youth and Other Stories of the Color Line. In this story, Grandison is a slave from a plantation in Kentucky, who successfully deceives his masters, Colonel and Dick Owens, on a number of occasions.His first act of trickery is when he is being questioned by his old master by assuring Colonel Owens of his contentment on the plantation and his disgust with the anti-slavery ideals of northern abolitionist. Colonel Owens’ intentions were to select a slave his son could bring up north, who had proven to be resistant to abolitionist ideals and the prospect of running away. To Colonel Owens elation, Grandison’s answers not only confirmed his view of a mutually benefits of slavery but went above and beyond to demonstrate a conceivably genuine appreciation of the resources and lifestyle on the plantation.He went on questioned Grandison about the fairness of his treatment and the kindness of his master before promising him a bead necklace for his future wife and deeming him â€Å"abolitionist-proof. † Although the interaction described was only a brief portion of the story it proves to be a pivotal moment in the plot and leaves the audience to assume that Grandison is loyal slave with no intention of running away. But, as we later find out, Grandison was not at all ignorant to the ideals of abolitionism and actually aspi red to be a free man.He eventually achieves his goal as we see in the very last chapter but not without an unexpected twist Grandison then goes on to successfully deceive his young master, Dick Owens, and forges his loyalty several times during their travels to New York, Boston, and eventually Canada. Throughout the journey, Dick Owens provides the Grandison with a number of opportunities to escape by leaving him alone on many occasions and supplying him with money that he could easily utilize to run away. Once Dick Owens realizes Grandison too dense to run away, or so he thinks, he silicates the help of local abolitionist, by writing an nonymous letter. However, Grandison unwaveringly loyal puts a quickly sidetracks Owens ploy to liberate his father’s slave. Day after day Grandison continues report to his young master every morning and night, leaving Owen to pursue more drastic measures. So, Dick Owens decides to leave Grandison alone for a couple of days, with one hundred d ollars to his disposal, in a sly attempt to get Grandison to runaway. Upon his return, Dick Owens finds his efforts were unsuccessful, and with much frustration and annoyance decides to take one last attempt by venturing to Canada, where slaves are free.Nevertheless, Grandison faithfully follows his master orders and does not attempt to runaway, despite the fact there are no laws binding Grandison to Dick Owens in Canada. At this point, the young master decides to gives up his efforts and solicits three men to kidnap Grandison. During this exchange Owens escapes and return to Kentucky alone. Dick Owens concludes that Grandison is too ignorant to recognize his opportunity for freedom and goes on to marry the motive behind his attempt at nobility, Charity Lomax.Once again it is not until the final chapter that the audience learns; it was Dick Owens and his father who proved to be most ignorant. In the final chapter, Grandison surprisingly returns to the plantation tattered and exhaust ed from his journey back to Kentucky. He recounts his story of being gagged and dragged to the â€Å"gloomy depth of a Canadian forest,† where he was locked in a hut and given only bread and water. He appeases his curious spectators by ending his story with his heroic escape and return to the plantation, all the while never revealing his true motives.It is not until Grandison, along with his new wife, family and friends disappears that his intentions to liberate true intentions are revealed. Once thought to be a model servant, blinded by his obedience and loyal dependence, Grandison outsmarts both his masters, by playing into slaveholder stereotypes and common misperception of the south. Grandison’s successful escape with family and friends exposes him as the true trickster. Because of his convincing portrayal of an ignorant and content slave, and willful patients he was ultimately able to turn the tables on his masters and end up the victor in an unlikely turn of even ts.When comparing the presence of the trickster in â€Å"The Goophered Grapevine† and â€Å"The Passing of Grandison,† there are few parallels between the two stories. The general theme of a southern black man deceiving his white superiors apparent in both, but the similarities stop. The two main stories are vastly different in respects to how each trickster if portrayed. Because the audience in â€Å"The Goophered Grapevine† is warned very on early on to be wary of Uncle Julius credibility, he is at a disadvantage.However, Grandison has a very different introduction because he first enters under the impression that he is one of the most loyal and trustworthy slave on the plantation. On the one hand, we have Uncle Julius Characterization as suspicious figure throughout the story from beginning to end, and on the other hand there is Grandison, who appears to be a very pious, simple minded slave with no ulterior motives. Another difference between the two stories is that theatricality proves to be Uncle Julius main downfall, while somehow becoming Grandison’s greatest asset.The introduction and characterization, of Uncle Julius and Grandison, manipulates the audience perception and ultimately determines their success in deceiving and manipulating their audience for their own personal benefit. The trickster, whether presented in modern cartoon or in tradition folktale, is an archetype that continues to reappear in art and literature. The classic depiction of a trickster as a rabbit in old folklore and myths while common is not the only form a trickster may take.Overtime and across cultures, the definition of a trickster changes, but not so much so that it unable to provide an entertaining lesson. The appeal of the trickster to African American writers is the theme of an oppressed group overcoming the challenges of social norms. Charles W. Chesnutt is a prime example of the trickster’s mass appeal, in African American literature. By representing the trickster as Uncle Julius and Grandison in â€Å"The Goophered Grapevine† and â€Å"The Passing of Grandison,† Chesnutt adds to the long history of the trickster as an icon.Work Cited 1. Chesnutt, Charles W. â€Å"Literature Of The Reconstruction To The New Negro Renaissance, 1865-1919. † The Norton Anthology of African American Literature. Ed. Henry L. Gates and Nellie Y. McKay. 2nd ed. New York, Ny: W. W. Norton &, 2004. 604-12. Print. 2. Schramm, Susan L. , and Rhonda B. Jeffries. â€Å"African American Trickster Representations in the Work of Romare Bearden. † JSTOR. JSTOR, Sept. 2000. Web. 29 Nov. 2010. http://www. jstor. org/stable/3193835